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HOW TO REGISTER A PATENT IN NIGERIA
- A. What is a Patent?
A patent is a right granted to an inventor, which allows the inventor to exploit the full rights and benefits from
their invention/work (including the right to use, sell, produce, mass-produce) to the exclusion of all other users
for a period of about 20 years. A registered patent gives protection against third party exploitation within the
country where the right is obtained. B. What law guides the registration of patents and where do I apply for the
registration of a patent? The registration of Patents in Nigeria is governed by the Patents and Design Acts Cap.
344, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990 (Act of 1970) administered by the Registrar of Trademarks, Patents
and Designs, Trademarks Registry, Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, FCT, Nigeria. - B. What law guides the registration of patents and where do I apply for the registration of a patent?
The registration of Patents in Nigeria is governed by the Patents and Design Acts Cap. 344, Laws
of the Federation of Nigeria 1990 (Act of 1970) administered by the Registrar of Trademarks, Patents and
Designs, Trademarks Registry, Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment, FCT, Nigeria. - C. How do I know if my work/invention qualifies for registration of a patent?
A patent may be granted for any work/invention that:- is new (novel); the invention must be substantially different from anything else that is within public knowledge
- involves an inventive step; must not be obvious to a person skilled in the art of the invention and must not make reference to any matter that forms part of the prior existing invention
- is capable of industrial application; (useful)
- is not specifically excluded in the Act; (e.g. inventions which encourage immoral and offensive behavior)
- has an address for service in Nigeria (if the applicant’s address is outside Nigeria arrangement must be made for a verifiable delivery address in Nigeria).
NOTE: Each application must relate only to one invention but may cover claims for multiple numbers of products or processes i.e. an invention can be a modification or novation of one or more existing inventions in the market
- D. What are the practical steps for registering a patent in Nigeria?Step 1: Fill Application Form together with written declaration
There are two classes of application forms available for patent registration;- Form 1A: being the application form for the registration of a conventional/local patent; and
- Form 1B: being application form for the registration of a non-conventional/international patent.
I. Filling of Form 1A (Local Application)
Form 1A is the applicable form for local applications for works created and originating in
Nigeria. The name, address, email address and contact number of the applicant is required to
be provided and in cases of multiple/joint inventors or inventors under the employ of a
company, the name, address, email and contact number of a representative of the company
or the joint inventors will be appropriate.A declaration by the true inventor will be required to be submitted alongside the application
form and Form 3. The true inventor is the individual responsible for the ideation of the
invention.II. Filling of Form 1B (Foreign Application)
Form 1B is the applicable form for applicant seeking foreign priority for works or inventions
which did not originate from Nigeria and which is already registered in another foreign
jurisdiction. The application will be accompanied by a written declaration consisting of:1. The date and the number of the earlier application:
2. The country in which such application was made; and
3. The name of the inventor who made it.The applicant will also fill a Form 3 as detailed below, to accompany the Form 1B and the
written declaration. Not more than 3 months after filing the application, the applicant will be
required to furnish the Registrar with a copy of the earlier application certified by the
appropriate industrial property office of the foreign convention country.Step 2: Fill the Specification Form (Form 3)
All Applicants (Local or Foreign) are required to fill Form 3 – Complete Specification Form.
Form 3 is very crucial to any Patent application; it contains a detailed description of the
invention and its claims (a claim is any information detailing the innovation of the invention
provided by the applicant in hopes of creating an extent/scope of protection for the said
invention from infringement by a subsequent invention). The applicant would have to explain
in the technical terms what makes the invention different from what already exists in the
market in hopes to protect it from subsequent inventions.The contents of Form 3 would include;
1. The title of the invention;
2. An abstract on the functionality of the invention;
3. Background and History of the Invention;
4. Detailed description of the invention supported with diagrams and illustrations;
5. Claims (starting from general claims to specific ones):
6. Summary of what society/ mankind stands to gain from the inventionStep 3: Submit application to the Registry and pay of application fees
The Applicant will pay the application fee as may from time to time be advised by the Registrar
and submit application forms together with evidence of payment of the prescribed fees.Step 4: Application is granted and patent is valid for 20 years
After submission, the patent application is examined by the Registrar merely to ascertain
formal compliance, the Registrar assumes regularity. Once the application satisfies the
statutory requirements as to the completion of form, payment of appropriate fees amongst
others, the Registrar is likely to grant the patent without enquiries into its novelty,
inventiveness and industrial applicability or sufficiency of disclosures in Form 3.Patents are granted at the risk of the patentee and without guarantee as to their validity. Once
granted, a patent is valid for 20 years. - E. Can a foreigner register a patent in Nigeria?
A foreigner or a foreign corporation can seek foreign priority in Nigeria if it has a subsisting
local application which has been admitted for registration by the approving authority in its
own home country. Upon application for foreign registration such will be admitted for
registration by virtue of the Nigeria Patent and Designs Convention Order 1971. The Convention
provides that if a Nigerian application is made within 12 months of the making of the earlier
application in the foreign country, such application will be treated as having been made on
the same date on which the foreign application was made. - F. What Legal Rights do I have as Patent holder?
As a patent holder under Nigerian Law:- You have a valid cause of action against anyone who infringes on your right to the
Patent during its subsistence; - You have the legal and beneficial right over the patent which may be sold, assigned
or granted for the use of others in the form of a license.
HOW TO GET STARTED
Are you interested in registering a patent for your invention? Our corporate services team is
available to provide registration and start up support to you. You may contact our team on:
Email: info@dealhqpartners.com Telephone: +234 1 4536427 or +234 9087107575A patent holder may consider the option of applying to have his patent registered under the
World International Property Organization (WIPO) which currently has over 189 member
states including Nigeria. - You have a valid cause of action against anyone who infringes on your right to the
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